The Mysterious Disappearance of Subhash Chandra Bose: What Really Happened to Him?
Subhash Chandra Bose Biography Pdf Download
If you are interested in learning more about one of the most influential and charismatic leaders of the Indian freedom struggle, you might want to download a pdf version of Subhash Chandra Bose's biography. Subhash Chandra Bose, also known as Netaji (meaning "Respected Leader"), was a revolutionary who fought against the British colonial rule and formed the Indian National Army (INA) with the help of Japan and Germany during World War II. In this article, we will give you a brief overview of his life, achievements, and legacy, and provide you with a link to download his biography in pdf format.
Subhash Chandra Bose Biography Pdf Download
Early Life and Education
Birth and Family
Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897, in Cuttack, Odisha, which was then part of the Bengal Presidency under British India. He was the ninth child of Prabhavati Devi and Janakinath Bose, a wealthy lawyer and nationalist. He had 14 siblings, of whom six died in childhood. His family was well-educated and influential in the local society.
Schooling and College
Subhash Chandra Bose received his early education at Protestant European School (now Stewart High School) in Cuttack, where he was exposed to both Indian and Western culture. He was a brilliant student who excelled in academics as well as sports. He later attended Ravenshaw Collegiate School in Cuttack, where he developed an interest in politics and history. He graduated from there in 1915 with a first-class degree.
He then moved to Kolkata (then Calcutta) to pursue higher studies at Presidency College. However, he was expelled from there in 1916 for assaulting a professor who made derogatory remarks about India. He then joined Scottish Church College, where he completed his B.A. in philosophy in 1918 with a first-class degree.
Civil Service Examination
Inspired by his father's wishes, Subhash Chandra Bose decided to appear for the Indian Civil Service (ICS) examination, which was considered to be the most prestigious career option for Indians under British rule. He went to England in 1919 to prepare for the exam, which he passed in 1920 with a fourth rank. However, he was disillusioned by the oppressive nature of British administration in India and decided to resign from the service. He wrote to his brother Sarat Chandra Bose, "Only on the soil of sacrifice and suffering can we raise our national edifice."
Political Career and Freedom Struggle
Joining the Indian National Congress
After returning to India in 1921, Subhash Chandra Bose joined the Indian National Congress (INC), which was then led by Mahatma Gandhi. He became an active member of the party and participated in various movements against British rule, such as the Non-Cooperation Movement, the Civil Disobedience Movement, and the Salt Satyagraha. He was arrested several times and imprisoned for his involvement in these activities. He also became the editor of two newspapers, Forward and Swaraj, which propagated the nationalist cause.
Becoming the Congress President
Subhash Chandra Bose rose to prominence in the INC due to his charisma, eloquence, and organizational skills. He was elected as the chief executive officer of the party in 1930, and as the president of the party in 1938. He advocated for a more radical and militant approach to achieve independence from British rule, as opposed to Gandhi's non-violent and peaceful methods. He also supported the idea of socialism and secularism as the guiding principles for a free India.
Resigning from the Congress
Subhash Chandra Bose's views and strategies clashed with those of Gandhi and other senior leaders of the INC, who favored a more moderate and cooperative stance towards the British. He also faced opposition from the British government, which tried to suppress his activities and influence. He resigned from the Congress presidency in 1939, after losing a vote of confidence. He then formed a new party called the Forward Bloc, which aimed to unite all the anti-British forces in India.
Formation of the Indian National Army
Escape to Germany
In 1941, Subhash Chandra Bose escaped from house arrest in Kolkata and made his way to Germany via Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. He hoped to seek the support of Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy for India's independence struggle. He met Adolf Hitler and Benito Mussolini and discussed his plans with them. He also established a Free India Center in Berlin and a Free India Radio station, from where he broadcasted his messages to the Indian people.
Meeting Hitler and Mussolini
Subhash Chandra Bose met Hitler in May 1942 and requested him to declare his support for India's independence and provide military assistance. Hitler agreed to issue a statement in favor of India's freedom, but did not commit to any concrete action. He also suggested that Bose should go to Japan, which was more directly involved in the war against Britain in Asia. Bose also met Mussolini in June 1942 and received a similar response.
Broadcasting from Berlin
Subhash Chandra Bose used the Free India Radio station in Berlin to broadcast his speeches and slogans to the Indian people, urging them to rise up against British rule. He coined the famous slogan "Jai Hind" (meaning "Victory to India") and addressed himself as Netaji. He also formed an Indian Legion, consisting of Indian prisoners of war and volunteers, who were trained by the German army. He hoped to use this force as a nucleus for a future Indian army.
Moving to Japan
In February 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose left Germany for Japan, traveling by submarine across the Indian Ocean. He was received by the Japanese government with great honor and respect. He also met other Indian nationalists who were working with Japan, such as Rash Behari Bose and A.M. Nair. He decided to take over the leadership of the Indian Independence League (IIL), which was an umbrella organization of various Indian groups in Southeast Asia.
Establishing the Azad Hind Government
In October 1943, Subhash Chandra Bose announced the formation of a provisional government of free India, called the Azad Hind Government, in Singapore. He declared himself as the head of state, prime minister, and minister of war. He also appointed other ministers for various portfolios, such as finance, foreign affairs, education, etc. The Azad Hind Government was recognized by Japan, Germany, Italy, and some other countries. It also issued its own currency, stamps, and passports.
Leading the INA against the British
Subhash Chandra Bose also reorganized and expanded the Indian National Army (INA), which was a military force composed of Indian soldiers who had defected from the British Indian Army or were captured by Japan. He gave them a new motto: "Ittehad, Itmad, Qurbani" (meaning "Unity, Faith, Sacrifice"). He also formed three special regiments: Gandhi Brigade, Nehru Brigade, and Azad Brigade. He also created a women's wing called the Rani of Jhansi Regiment, led by Lakshmi Sahgal.
```html Death and Legacy
Disappearance and Controversy
Subhash Chandra Bose's fate remains a mystery to this day. According to the official version, he died in a plane crash on August 18, 1945, while trying to escape to the Soviet Union from Taiwan. However, many people have disputed this claim and have proposed various alternative theories, such as that he survived the crash and lived in hiding, that he was captured by the British or the Soviets and executed, that he became a monk in India or Tibet, etc. Several commissions and inquiries have been set up by the Indian government to investigate his disappearance, but none have been able to conclusively prove what happened to him.
Honors and Memorials
Subhash Chandra Bose is widely regarded as one of the greatest heroes of the Indian freedom struggle. He is honored with various awards and titles, such as Bharat Ratna (India's highest civilian award), Padma Vibhushan (India's second-highest civilian award), and Netaji (Respected Leader). He is also commemorated with various statues, monuments, museums, roads, airports, institutions, etc. in India and abroad. Some of the notable ones are the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport in Kolkata, the Netaji Subhash National Institute of Sports in Patiala, the Netaji Subhash Marg in Delhi, the Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, etc.
Influence and Inspiration
Subhash Chandra Bose has inspired generations of Indians with his courage, vision, and patriotism. He is admired by people from different political ideologies and backgrounds, such as socialists, communists, nationalists, secularists, etc. He is also seen as a role model by many leaders and movements across the world, such as Nelson Mandela, Che Guevara, Ho Chi Minh, etc. His slogan "Jai Hind" is still used as a salutation and a sign of unity among Indians. His legacy continues to live on in the hearts and minds of millions of Indians who aspire for a strong and prosperous India.
Conclusion
In conclusion, Subhash Chandra Bose was a remarkable leader who dedicated his life to the cause of India's independence. He challenged the British colonial rule with his daring and innovative strategies and formed the Indian National Army with the help of Japan and Germany. He also established the Azad Hind Government as a symbol of India's sovereignty and dignity. He died under mysterious circumstances while trying to reach the Soviet Union. He is honored and remembered as one of the greatest heroes of India's freedom struggle. He has influenced and inspired many people around the world with his courage, vision, and patriotism.
If you want to download a pdf version of Subhash Chandra Bose's biography, you can click on this link: Subhas Chandra Bose: A Biography. This book is written by Marshall J. Getz and covers all aspects of Bose's life and achievements in detail. You can also find other books and resources on Bose on this website: Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. We hope you enjoyed reading this article and learned something new about this amazing leader.
FAQs
Q: When was Subhash Chandra Bose born?
A: Subhash Chandra Bose was born on January 23, 1897.
Q: What was Subhash Chandra Bose's nickname?
A: Subhash Chandra Bose was popularly known as Netaji (meaning "Respected Leader").
Q: What was Subhash Chandra Bose's political party?
A: Subhash Chandra Bose founded a political party called the Forward Bloc in 1939.
Q: What was Subhash Chandra Bose's military force?
A: Subhash Chandra Bose formed a military force called the Indian National Army (INA) with the help of Japan and Germany.
Q: What was Subhash Chandra Bose's provisional government?
A: Subhash Chandra Bose announced the formation of a provisional government of free India, called the Azad Hind Government, in Singapore in 1943.
``` 71b2f0854b